The Enlightenment That Failed - Ideas, Revolution, And Democratic Defeat, 1748-1830 by Jonathan I. Israel

Download Book The Enlightenment That Failed - Ideas, Revolution, And Democratic Defeat, 1748-1830 by Jonathan I. Israel [PDF/ePUB]

The Enlightenment that Failed explores the growing rift between those Enlightenment trends and initiatives that appealed exclusively to elites and those aspiring to enlighten all of society by raising mankind's awareness, freedoms, and educational level generally. Jonathan I. Israel explains why the democratic and radical secularizing tendency of the Western Enlightenment, after gaining some notable successes during the revolutionary era (1775-1820) in numerous countries, especially in Europe, North America, and Spanish America, ultimately failed. He argues that a populist, Robespierriste tendency, sharply at odds with democratic values and freedom of expression, gained an ideological advantage in France, and that the negative reaction this generally provoked caused a more general anti-Enlightenment reaction, a surging anti-intellectualism combined with forms of religious revival that largely undermined the longings of the deprived, underprivileged, and disadvantaged, and ended by helping, albeit often unwittingly, conservative anti-Enlightenment ideologies to dominate the scene. The Enlightenment that Failed relates both the American and the French revolutions to the Enlightenment in a markedly different fashion from how this is usually done, showing how both great revolutions were fundamentally split between bitterly opposed and utterly incompatible ideological tendencies. Radical Enlightenment, which had been an effective ideological challenge to the prevailing monarchical-aristocratic status quo, was weakened, then almost entirely derailed and displaced from the Western consciousness, in the 1830s and 1840s by the rise of Marxism and other forms of socialism.

How to download The Enlightenment That Failed - Ideas, Revolution, And Democratic Defeat, 1748-1830 eBook online in the US, Canada, UK, Australia and other countries? If you want to fully download or read online The Enlightenment That Failed - Ideas, Revolution, And Democratic Defeat, 1748-1830 a book by Jonathan I. Israel, you are in the right place. This website provides the opportunity to read books or download for free.

“It's not true that I had nothing on. I had the radio on.” ― Marilyn Monroe

Do you read books like The Enlightenment That Failed - Ideas, Revolution, And Democratic Defeat, 1748-1830 and other similar books? We like The Enlightenment That Failed - Ideas, Revolution, And Democratic Defeat, 1748-1830, and everybody loves them as well much more when they are totally free, right? You are in the best place to get your favourite books and download or read it with free of charge on our site.